dd

Convert and copy a file. More information: https://manned.org/dd.1p.

Make a bootable USB drive from an isohybrid file (such as archlinux-xxx.iso) and show the progress:

dd if={{path/to/file.iso}} of={{/dev/usb_drive}} status=progress

Clone a drive to another drive with 4 MiB block size and flush writes before the command terminates:

dd bs=4194304 conv=fsync if={{/dev/source_drive}} of={{/dev/dest_drive}}

Generate a file with a specific number of random bytes by using kernel random driver:

dd bs={{100}} count={{1}} if=/dev/urandom of={{path/to/random_file}}

dd bs={{1024}} count={{1000000}} if=/dev/zero of={{path/to/file_1GB}}

Create a system backup, save it into an IMG file (can be restored later by swapping if and of), and show the progress:

dd if={{/dev/drive_device}} of={{path/to/file.img}} status=progress