history expansion

Reuse and expand the shell history in sh, Bash, Zsh, rbash and ksh. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/History-Interaction.

Run the previous command as root (!! is replaced by the previous command):

sudo !!

Run a command with the last argument of the previous command:

{{command}} !$

Run a command with the first argument of the previous command:

{{command}} !^

Run the Nth command of the history:

!{{n}}

Run the command n lines back in the history:

!-{{n}}

Run the most recent command containing string:

!?{{string}}?

Run the previous command, replacing string1 with string2:

^{{string1}}^{{string2}}^

Perform a history expansion, but print the command that would be run instead of actually running it:

{{!-n}}:p