lsof

Lists open files and the corresponding processes. Note: Root privileges (or sudo) is required to list files opened by others. More information: https://manned.org/lsof.

• Find the processes that have a given file open:

lsof {{path/to/file}}

• Find the process that opened a local internet port:

lsof -i :{{port}}

• Only output the process ID (PID):

lsof -t {{path/to/file}}

• List files opened by the given user:

lsof -u {{username}}

• List files opened by the given command or process:

lsof -c {{process_or_command_name}}

• List files opened by a specific process, given its PID:

lsof -p {{PID}}

• List open files in a directory:

lsof +D {{path/to/directory}}

• Find the process that is listening on a local IPv6 TCP port and don't convert network or port numbers:

lsof -i6TCP:{{port}} -sTCP:LISTEN -n -P