dmesg

Write the kernel messages to stdout. More information: https://manned.org/dmesg.

• Show kernel messages:

dmesg

• Show kernel error messages:

dmesg --level err

• Show kernel messages and keep reading new ones, similar to tail -f (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):

dmesg -w

• Show how much physical memory is available on this system:

dmesg | grep -i memory

• Show kernel messages 1 page at a time:

dmesg | less

• Show kernel messages with a timestamp (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):

dmesg -T

• Show kernel messages in human-readable form (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):

dmesg -H

• Colorize output (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):

dmesg -L